Hip hop
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"HipHop" redirects here. For the software, see HipHop for PHP.
This article is about the cultural movement. For the music genre, see Hip hop music.
Hip Hop is a broad conglomerate of artistic forms that originated as a specific street subculture within African American communities during the 1970s in New York City, specifically in Morris Heights, The Bronx, then later spread its influence to Latin American communities.[1][2][3][4][5][6] It is characterized by four distinct elements, all of which represent the different manifestations of the culture: rap music (aural), turntablism or "DJing" (aural), breaking (physical) and graffiti art
(visual). Despite their contrasting methods of execution, they find
unity in their common association to the poverty and violence underlying
the historical context that birthed the culture. It was as a means of
providing a reactionary outlet from such urban hardship that "Hip Hop"
initially functioned, a form of self-expression that could reflect upon,
proclaim an alternative to, try and challenge or merely evoke the mood
of the circumstances of such an environment. Even while it continues in
contemporary history to develop globally in a flourishing myriad of
diverse styles, these foundational elements provide stability and
coherence to the culture.[1] The term is frequently used mistakenly to refer in a confining fashion to the mere practice of rap music.The origin of the culture stems from the block parties of DJ Kool Herc at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, where Herc would mix samples of existing records with his own shouts to the crowd and dancers. Kool Herc is credited as the "father" of the art form. DJ Afrika Bambaataa of the hip-hop collective Zulu Nation outlined the pillars of hip hop culture, to which he coined the terms: MCing, DJing, B-boying and graffiti writing.[7][8][9][10][11] Since its evolution throughout the South Bronx, hip-hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the world.[12] Hip-hop music first emerged with Kool Herc and contemporary disc jockeys and imitators creating rhythmic beats by looping breaks (small portions of songs emphasizing a percussive pattern) on two turntables, more commonly referred to as juggling. This was later accompanied by "rap", a rhythmic style of chanting or poetry often presented in 16-bar measures or time frames, and beatboxing, a vocal technique mainly used to provide percussive elements of music and various technical effects of hip hop DJs. An original form of dancing and particular styles of dress arose among fans of this new music. These elements experienced considerable adaptation and development over the course of the history of the culture.
Hip hop is simultaneously a new and old phenomenon; the importance of sampling to the art form means that much of the culture has revolved around the idea of updating classic recordings, attitudes, and experiences for modern audiences — called "flipping" within the culture.[citation needed] It follows in the footsteps of earlier American musical genres blues, jazz, and rock and roll in having become one of the most practiced genres of music in existence worldwide, and also takes additional inspiration regularly from soul music, funk, and rhythm and blues.
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